Social life at Rome in the Age of Cicero by W. Warde Fowler
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W. Warde Fowler >> Social life at Rome in the Age of Cicero
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[Footnote 523: Plut. _Sulla_, 2: ep. 36.]
[Footnote 524: Political allusions in mimes, were, however, not
unknown. Cp. Cic. _ad Alt_. xiv. 3, written in 44 B.C., after Caesar's
death.]
[Footnote 525: All the passages about Publilius are collected in Mr.
Bickford Smith's edition of his _Sententiae_, p. 10 foll. On mimes
generally the reader may be referred to Professor Purser's excellent
article in Smith's _Diet. of Antiq_. ed. 2.]
[Footnote 526: Animo aequissimo, _ad Fam_. xii. 19. He means perhaps
rather that flattering allusions to Caesar did not hurt his feelings.]
[Footnote 527: See Ribbeck, _Fragm. Comic. Lat_. p. 295 foll.]
[Footnote 528: Seneca, _Epist_. 108. 8.]
[Footnote 529: See another excellent article of Professor Purser's in
the _Dict. of Antiq_.]
[Footnote 530: See the _Hibbert Journal_ for July 1907, p. 847. In the
second sense Cicero often uses the plural "religiones," esp. in _de
Legibus_, ii.]
[Footnote 531: See Middleton, _Rome in 1887_, p. 423; Horace, _Sat_.
i. 8. 8 foll.; Nissen, _Italische Landeskunde_, ii. p. 522.]
[Footnote 532: Fowler, _Roman Festivals_, p. 336 foll.]
[Footnote 533: _Monumentum Ancyranum_ (Lat.), 4. 17.]
[Footnote 534: _de Nat. Deor._ i. 29. 82.]
[Footnote 535: Valerius Maximus, _Epit._ 3. 4; Wissowa, _Rel. und
Kult._ p. 293.]
[Footnote 536: See, e.g. Dill, _Roman Society from Nero to Marcus
Aurelius_, ch. v.]
[Footnote 537: See, e.g., _pro Sestio_, 15. 32; _in Vatinium_, 7. 18.]
[Footnote 538: Augustine, _Civ. Dei_, iv. 27.]
[Footnote 539: Cp. i. 63 foll.; iii. 87 and 894; v. 72 and 1218; and
many other passages.]
[Footnote 540: iii. 995 foll.; v. 1120 foll.]
[Footnote 541: iii. 70; v. 1126.]
[Footnote 542: ii. 22 foll.; iii. 1003; v. 1116.]
[Footnote 543: _Roman Poets of the Republic_, p. 306.]
[Footnote 544: The secret may be found in the last 250 lines of Bk.
iii., and at the beginning and end of Bk. v.]
[Footnote 545: v. 1203; ii. 48-54.]
[Footnote 546: v. 1129.]
[Footnote 547: "Philosophy has never touched the mass of mankind
except through religion" (_Decadence_, by Rt. Hon. A.J. Balfour, p.
53). This is a truth of which Lucretius was profoundly, though not
surprisingly, ignorant.]
[Footnote 548: See above, p. 115.]
[Footnote 549: e.g. xxi. 62.]
[Footnote 550: Ribbeck, _Fragm. Trag. Rom._ p. 54: Ego deum genus esse
semper dixi et dicam coelitum, Sed eos non curare opinor quid agat
humanum genus.]
[Footnote 551: See above, p. 114.]
[Footnote 552: See H.N. Fowler, _Panaetii et Hecatonis librorum
fragmenta_, p. 10; Hirzel, _Untersuchungen zu Cicero's philosophischen
Schriften_, i. p. 194 foll.]
[Footnote 553: See above, p. 115.]
[Footnote 554: Schmekel, _Die Mittlere Stoa_, p. 85 foll.; Hirzel,
_Untersuchungen_, etc., i. p. 194 foll.]
[Footnote 555: The fragments are collected by E. Agahd, Leipzig, 1898.
The great majority are found in St. Augustine, _de Civitate Dei_.]
[Footnote 556: As Wissowa says (_Religion und Kultus der Roemer_, p.
100), Jupiter does not appear in Roman language and literature as a
personality who thunders or rains, but rather as the heaven itself
combining these various manifestations of activity. The most familiar
illustration of the usage alluded to in the text is the line of Horace
in _Odes_ i. 1. 25: "manet sub Iove frigido venator."]
[Footnote 557: ap. Aug. _Civ. Dei_, iv. 11.]
[Footnote 558: _Ib._ vii. 9.]
[Footnote 559: ap. Aug. _Civ. Dei_, vii. 13: animus mundi is here so
called, but evidently identified with Jupiter.]
[Footnote 560: _Ib._ vii. 9.]
[Footnote 561: _Ib._ iv. 11, 13.]
[Footnote 562: Aug. _de consensu evangel._ i. 23, 24. Cp. _Civ. Dei_,
iv. 9.]
[Footnote 563: _Ib._ i. 22. 30; _Civ. Dei_, xix. 22.]
[Footnote 564: See Wissowa, _Religion und Kultus_, p. 103.]
[Footnote 565: _de Rep_. iii. 22. See above, p. 117.]
[Footnote 566: _de Legilus_, ii. 10.]
[Footnote 567: _de Nat. Deor._. i. 15. 40: "idem etiam legis perpetuae
et eternae vim, quae quasi dux vitae et magistra officiorum sit, Iovem
dicit esse, eandemque fatalem necessitatem appellat, sempiternam rerum
futurarum veritatem." Chrysippus of course was speaking of the Greek
Zeus.]
[Footnote 568: e.g. _de Off._ iii. 28; _de Nat. Deor._ i. 116.]
[Footnote 569: Glover, _Studies in Virgil_, p. 275.]
[Footnote 570: It is interesting to note that in the religious revival
of Augustus Jupiter by no means has a leading place. See Carter,
_Religion of Numa_, p. 160, where, however, the attitude of Augustus
towards the great god is perhaps over-emphasised. On the relation of
Virgil's Jupiter to Fate, see E. Norden, _Virgils epische Technik_, p.
286 foll. Seneca, it is worth noting, never mentions Jupiter as the
centre of the Stoic Pantheon.--Dill, _Roman Society from Nero to M.
Aurelius_, p. 331.]
[Footnote 571: See an article by the author in _Hibbert Journal_, July
1907, p. 847.]
[Footnote 572: Plut. _Sulla_, 6.]
[Footnote 573: Valerius Maximus ii. 3.]
[Footnote 574: _de Div_. i. 32. 68.]
[Footnote 575: Plut. _Brutus_, 36, 37.]
[Footnote 576: Sall. _Cat._ 51; Cic. _Cat._ iv. 4. 7.]
[Footnote 577: Cic. _de Rep._ iv. 24.]
[Footnote 578: Reid, _The Academics of Cicero_, Introduction, p. 18.]
[Footnote 579: _ad Att._ xii. 36.]
[Footnote 580: ad Att. xii. 37.]
[Footnote 581: Suetonius, _Jul_. 88. See E. Kornemann in _Klio_, vol.
i. p. 95.]
[Footnote 582: We do not know exactly when this preface was written.
Prefaces are now composed, as a rule, when a work is finished: but
this does not seem to have been the practice in antiquity, and
internal evidence is here strongly in favour of an early date.]
[Footnote 583: _Epode_ 16. 54; cp. 30 foll.]
[Footnote 584: Sir W.M. Ramsay, quoted in _Virgil's Messianic
Eclogue_, p. 54.]
[Footnote 585: Dr. J.B. Mayor, in _Virgil's Messianic Eclogue_, p. 118
foll.]
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